Fig. 5

Transthoracic echocardiography in case 2. B-mode in parasternal short axis view. Severely calcified tricuspid aortic valve with a small, vibrating, calcified nodule, and severely restricted opening. Continuous wave at the aortic valve. A peak velocity at the aortic valve of 4.4 m/s without a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) stripe. Color Doppler in parasternal short axis view. Color doppler stripes appear around the aortic (yellow arrows), pulmonary (yellow arrows), and tricuspid (red arrows) valves. Color Doppler in apical 4 chamber view showing mild tricuspid regurgitation. AoV: aortic valve, PA: pulmonary valve, RA: right atrium, RV: right ventricle