Table 1 Comparison of groups of baseline characteristics, right heart catheterization parameters and echocardiographic parameters (6MWT – 6-minute walking test; FWLS – free wall longitudinal strain; GLS – global longitudinal strain; IQR – interquartile range; LVEF – left ventricle ejection fraction; PDE-5 – phosphodiesterase 5; RV – right ventricle; RVGCW – right ventricular global constructive work; RVGWW – right ventricular global wasted work; RVGWE – right ventricular global work efficiency; RVGWI – right ventricular global work index; RVSW – right ventricle stroke work; RVSWI – right ventricle stroke work index; SD – standard deviation; SPAP – systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE – tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WHO – World Health Organization)
All (n = 25) | Without PH (n = 8) | With PH (n = 17) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age in years - mean ± SD | 63 ± 13.0 | 53 ± 14.0 | 67 ± 9.8 | 0.006 |
Female – n (%) | 16 (64) | 2 (25) | 14 (68) | 0.011 |
NT-proBNP in pg/ml - median (IQR) | 319 (1427) | 67 (66) | 878 (1906) | 0.001 |
6MWT in meters - mean ± SD | 339 ± 179.7 | 591 ± 89.5 | 291 ± 150.2 | 0.004 |
Body mass index in kg/m2 – mean ± SD | 29.2 ± 4.7 | 31.4 ± 4.9 | 28.2 ± 4.4 | 0.132 |
WHO Class II or III – n (%) | - | - | 14 (68) | - |
PDE-5 inhibitor – n (%) | - | - | 9 (52.9) | - |
Endothelin receptor antagonist – n (%) | - | - | 8 (47.1) | - |
Guanylate cyclase stimulator – n (%) | - | - | 4 (23.5) | - |
Prostacyclin – n (%) | - | - | 4 (23.5) | - |
Right heart catheterization parameters | ||||
Mean pulmonary artery pressure in mmHg - median (IQR) | 40 (26) | 19.5 (4) | 44 (13) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary vascular resistance in WU - median (IQR) | 4.6 (6.7) | 1.1 (0.6) | 6.2 (6.2) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac Output in L/min – mean ± SD | 5.52 ± 1.71 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
Cardiac Index in L/min/m2 – mean ± SD | 2.88 ± 0.81 | 3.5 ± 0.78 | 2.6 ± 0.68 | 0.009 |
Right atrium pressure in mmHg – mean ± SD | 8.8 ± 3.5 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 9.8 ± 3.4 | 0.037 |
Venous oxygen saturation in % - mean ± SD | 66 ± 7.1 | 74 ± 5.3 | 63 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
Stroke volume in ml/beat – mean ± SD | 74.5 ± 21.5 | 92.6 ± 14.3 | 65.9 ± 19.1 | 0.002 |
Stroke volume index in ml/beat/m2 – mean ± SD | 38.9 ± 10.5 | 44.6 ± 8.1 | 36.3 ± 10.7 | 0.046 |
RVSW in g.m/beat – mean ± SD | 25.9 ± 10.3 | 14.5 ± 2.8 | 31.2 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
RVSWI in g.m/beat/m2 – mean ± SD | 13.8 ± 5.9 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 17.1 ± 4.0 | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary artery pulsatility index – mean ± SD | 5.66 ± 4.72 | 2.78 ± 0.98 | 7.01 ± 5.19 | 0.033 |
Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
LVEF in % - mean ± SD | 59.5 ± 5.6 | 58.5 ± 5.0 | 60.1 ± 6.1 | 0.529 |
Right atrium area in cm2 – median (IQR) | 19 (7) | 16.5 (5) | 21 (8) | 0.030 |
Right atrium volume indexed in ml/m2 – mean ± SD | 31 ± 12.3 | 21 ± 6.0 | 36 ± 11.7 | 0.017 |
RV end-diastolic area in cm2 – mean ± SD | 24 ± 6.7 | 21 ± 5.4 | 26 ± 7.0 | 0.111 |
RV basal diameter in mm – mean ± SD | 40 ± 7.4 | 36 ± 3.7 | 43 ± 8.0 | 0.038 |
TAPSE in mm – mean ± SD | 20 ± 4.0 | 22 ± 1.8 | 20 ± 4.6 | 0.128 |
Annular tricuspid s’ velocity in cm/s – mean ± SD | 12 ± 3.2 | 15 ± 3.2 | 10 ± 1.9 | 0.001 |
RV fractional area change in % – mean ± SD | 39 ± 11.3 | 47 ± 3.8 | 37 ± 12.9 | 0.063 |
Estimated SPAP in mmHg – mean ± SD | 58.8 ± 32.3 | 26 ± 5.8 | 74.2 ± 27.5 | < 0.001 |
TAPSE/SPAP ratio in mm/mmHg – mean ± SD | 0.48 ± 0.30 | 0.86 ± 0.16 | 0.30 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
RV GLS in % – mean ± SD | -16.3 ± 5.15 | -20.7 ± 3.45 | -14.3 ± 4.54 | 0.002 |
RV FWS in % – mean ± SD | -17.7 ± 6.3 | -21.2 ± 3.74 | -15.8 ± 6.64 | 0.048 |
RV FWS/SPAP ratio in %/mmHg – mean ± SD | -0.47 ± 0.36 | -0.86 ± 0.28 | -0.26 ± 0.18 | < 0.001 |
RVGWI in mmHg% – mean ± SD | 538 ± 224.7 | 330 ± 108.5 | 636 ± 196.6 | < 0.001 |
RVGCW in mmHg% – mean ± SD | 790 ± 278.5 | 476 ± 139 | 937 ± 188.3 | < 0.001 |
RVGWW in mmHg% - median (IQR) | 115 (164) | 70 (107) | 152 (203) | 0.039 |
RVGWE in % - median (IQR) | 84 (9) | 88 (8) | 84 (17) | 0.049 |