Transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function in functional single ventricle: a comprehensive review

Table 1 Summary of indicators measured by 2D-STI

	Indicators measured by 2D-STI
	SLV	SRV
Consistency	♦ GCS in good agreement with CMR-measured GCS[26]. ♦ GLS in good agreement with CMR-measured GLS[26, 31].
Correlation	• Longitudinal Early Diastolic Strain Rate was correlated with the isovolumic relaxation time constant measured by PVL[24].	• SR strongly correlates with VEDP measured by cardiac catheterization[32]. • GSR correlates with parameters measured by PVL[12]. • CS and CSR are related to Ea/Ees measured by PVL[24].
Correlation	• GLS shows a significant correlation with CMR-derived EF[23].
Reproducibility	♦ Good repeatability of GLS[11, 23].
Control	• Parameters measured by 2D-STI provide a more sensitive indication of differences in cardiac function between normal subjects and patients with SV[33]. • CS in SRV correlates better with indicators of PVL, whereas LS in SLV correlates better with indicators of PVL[24].
Prognosis		♦ LS has value in predicting the prognosis of SRV[30].
Prognosis	♦ CS correlates with prognosis in patients with SV after Fontan procedure[34].

Abbreviations:2D-STI, two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging; SLV, single left ventricle; SRV, single right ventricle; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; PVL, pressure-volume loop; SR, strain rate; VEDP, ventricular end-diastolic pressure; GSR, global strain rate; EF, ejection fraction; SV, single ventricle; CS, circumferential strain; LS, longitudinal strain; CSR, circumferential strain rate; Ea/Ees, the ratio of arterial elasticity to end-systolic elasticity

ISSN: 1476-7120