Table 2 Twin pregnancies in PA/IVS fetuses
Case | chorionic and amniotic | Fetus with PA/IVS(Fetus A) | Fetus B | Characteristics of the case | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | MCDA | PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation | (-) | / | Born at 34+ 4 weeks, Fetus A: 2340 g, Apgar 9-10-10, postnatal echocardiography: PA/IVS and restricted tricuspid valve opening with severe regurgitation. Fetus B: 2010 g, Apgar 7-10-10, postnatal echocardiography: patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale. |
2 | MCDA | PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation | VSD, ARSA | Reversed DV a-wave of two fetuses during early pregnancy | Termination |
3 | MCDA | PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation, increased cardiothoracic ratio, Reversed DV a-wave, ascites, excessive amniotic fluid | (-) | / | Born at 31+ 6 weeks, Fetus A: 1470 g, Apgar 10, postnatal echocardiography: PA/IVS, patent ductus arteriosus (left-to-right shunt), patent foramen ovale, Atrial septal defect, mitral regurgitation +-++, tricuspid regurgitation ++++, and the estimated systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was 53mmHg; Fetus B, 1410 g, Apgar 10. |
4 | MCDA | Increased cardiothoracic ratio, severe tricuspid regurgitation, PA/IVS, Reversed DV a-wave, abnormal pulsation of the umbilical vein | Progression to PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation with progression of gestational weeks | TTTS, PA/IVS with increasing gestational weeks | Fetus A died in utero. Fetus B was born at 27w, 915Â g, Apgar 10, Postnatal Echocardiography: PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus (left-to-right shunt), patent foramen ovale, and the estimated systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was 32mmHg |
5 | MCMA | PA/IVS, severe tricuspid regurgitation | (-) | / | Termination |
6 | DCDA | PA/IVS, right ventricular dysplasia, VCAC | (-) | Detected at 13 weeks of gestation | Selective reduction of fetus A, full-term delivery of fetus B |